1. expiate (v.) 贖（罪）；補償；彌補
to expiate a crime/sin 抵罪／贖罪
the expiation
of a sin贖罪
2. explicate (v.) 詳細解釋，詳細分析（作品或思想）
This is a book which clearly explicates
Marx's later writings. 這本書詳細解讀了馬克思的晚期著作。
3. expository (a.) 說明的(= explaining or describing something)
expository writing
4. extant (a.) 現存的；尚存的
We have some extant parish records from the
sixteenth century.
我們保存了一些16世紀留下來的教區記錄。
5. extemporaneous (a.) 即興的；無準備的；即席的
an extemporaneous speech 即席演講
6. extirpate (v.) 拔除；消滅；根除
7. extraneous (a.) 無直接關係的；無關的
extraneous information 無關訊息
These questions are extraneous to the issue
being discussed. 這些問題和正在討論的議題無關。
8. extrapolate (v.) 推斷；推知
You can't really extrapolate a trend from
such a small sample.
你不能單憑這樣一件小小的樣品就推斷出潮流的真正發展趨勢。
9. extrinsic (a.) 外在的，外來的；非固有的，非本質的
Extrinsic forces were responsible for the breakdown of the peace
talks.
和談破裂，外部壓力難辭其咎。
10. facetious (a.) 不問場合亂講話的；亂引人發笑的
facetious remarks不問場合亂說的話
He's just being facetious. 他只是在亂開玩笑。
11. facilitate (v.) 促進；促使；使便利
The new ramp will facilitate the entry of
wheelchairs. 新的坡道將可方便輪椅進入。
The current structure does not facilitate
efficient work flow.當前的體系不利於實施高效的工作流程。
12. factotum (n.) 事務總管；勤雜工
She was a general factotum at the
restaurant - washing dishes, cleaning the floors and polishing the furniture. 她是餐館的勤雜工——洗碗、掃地、擦桌抹凳樣樣都做。
13. fallacious (a.) 謬誤的
His argument is based on fallacious reasoning.
他的論點是建立在謬誤推理的基礎上的。
14. fallow (a.) (1) 休耕的 (2) （一段時間）休眠的，不活躍的
Farmers are eligible for government support if
they let a certain amount of land lie fallow.
如果農民休耕一定面積的土地，他們就能獲得政府資助。
August is a fallow period in British
politics. 八月是英國政壇的沉寂期。
15. fatuous (a.) 愚蠢的；昏庸的；錯誤的；未經認真考慮的
a fatuous idea 愚蠢的想法
16. fauna (n.) （某一地區的）動物群
an expedition to explore the flora and fauna of
Hornchurch Wood 考察霍恩徹奇林區動植物群的探索
17. fawning (a.) 諂媚的
a fawning young man 諂媚的年輕男子
fawn
over/on sb 奉承，恭維，討好（某人）
I hate waiters who fawn over you. 我討厭奉承人的侍者。
18. felicitous (a.) 貼切的；恰當的；得體的
He summed up Jack's achievements in one or two felicitous
phrases.
他用一兩個短語恰如其分地概括了傑克的成就。
a felicitously phrased speech 措辭得體的演講
19. feral (a.) 野生的（尤指原為家養的動物）
feral dogs/cats 野狗／貓
20. fervent (a.)強烈的；熱情的，熱誠的 (=fervid)
a fervent supporter of the communist party 共產黨的熱烈擁護者
It is his fervent hope that a peaceful
solution will soon be found.
他熱切地希望能很快找到和平解決的方案。
The nationalists believe fervently in independence for their country.
這些民族主義者堅決主張國家獨立。
fervor (n.) 熱情，狂熱
nationalist/religious fervor 民族主義熱情／宗教狂熱
21. fetid (a.) 惡臭的；腐臭的
fetid air/breath臭氣／惡臭的口氣
22. fetter (v.) (1) 束縛；限制；抑制 (2) 給（某人）上腳鐐
He felt fettered by a nine-to-five office
existence. 朝九晚五的辦公室生活讓他覺得頗受束縛。
23. fiat (n.)（當權者的）法令，命令；諭
No company can set industry standards by fiat.
任何公司都不能透過法令來制定行業標準。
24. fidelity (n.) （尤指對性伴侶的）忠誠，忠實，忠貞 (2) 準確性；精確性
Somerset Maugham's comedy of marital fidelity,
'The Constant Wife'
薩默塞特‧毛姆關於婚姻忠貞的喜劇《裝聾作啞》
How important do you think sexual fidelity
is in a marriage?
你認為婚姻中肉體上的忠誠有多重要？
The best ink-jet printers can reproduce
photographs with amazing fidelity.
最好的噴墨印表機輸出的照片效果非常逼真。
25. filibuster (v.) （為拖延或阻止新法律的通過而）發表冗長的演說
Conceivably, supporters of the law could filibuster
to prevent it from being revised.
可以想像，該法律的支持者會用冗長的演說去阻止其被修訂。
26. finesse (n.) （高超的）技藝，技巧 (v.) 巧妙地應對；用策略對付
It was a disappointing performance which lacked finesse.
表演者技藝平平，令人失望。
She finessed the interview by playing down
her lack of experience and talking about her long-standing interest in the
field. 她對自己的經驗不足輕描淡寫，轉而談論自己對該領域長久以來的興趣，就這樣巧妙地把面試應付過去了。
27. fissure (n.) （岩石或土地的）裂縫，裂隙
Flag any
files which might be useful later.
給日後可能有用的檔做上標記。
We'll flag the records of interest in the
database and then we can give you a print-out.
我們會在資料庫中把感興趣的紀錄標記出來，之後列印一份給你。
I was starting to flag after the ninth
mile. 走了九英里後，我開始感到疲倦了。
The conversation was flagging. 談話越來越乏味了。
29. fledge (v.) （小鳥）長飛羽；（幼蟲）長翅
The chicks are expected to fledge in
August.
30. flora (n.) （某一地點或時期的）植物群
the flora of the Balearic Islands 巴厘阿裡群島的植物群
Stone Age flora 石器時代植物群
31. flourish (v.) (1)茁壯成長；繁榮；蓬勃發展 (2) （為引人注意）揮舞
My tomatoes are flourishing this summer -
it must be the warm weather.
今年夏天我的番茄長勢很好——這一定是天氣暖和的原因。
Watercolor painting began to flourish in
Britain around 1750.
1750年左右，水彩畫開始在英國興盛起來。
She came in smiling, flourishing her exam
results.
她微笑著走進來，手裡揮舞著她的考試成績單。
with
a flourish動作誇張地
The waiter handed me the menu with a flourish.
侍者做了個誇張動作遞給我功能表。
He took off his hat with a flourish. 他動作誇張地摘掉帽子。
32. flout (v.)公然藐視，無視，違背（規定、法律或習俗）
Many motorcyclists flout the law by not
wearing helmets. 許多騎摩托車的人無視法律，不戴頭盔。
The orchestra decided to flout
convention/tradition, and wear their everyday clothes for the concert.
管弦樂隊決定一改傳統，在音樂會上穿日常服裝。
33. flux (n.) 不斷的變動，不停的變化
Our plans are in a state of flux at the
moment. 我們的計劃目前處在不斷變化之中。
34. foment (v.) 挑起，激起，煽動（事端）
The song was banned on the grounds that it might foment
racial tension.
這首歌因可能挑起種族衝突被禁播了。
35. forbearance (n.) 耐心；寬容；克制
[+ (that)] He thanked his employees for the forbearance
(that) they had shown during the company's difficult times. 他感謝員工們在公司的困難時期所表現出的耐心和寬容。
36. forestall (v.) 預先阻止；先發制人
The government forestalled criticism by
holding a public enquiry into the matter.
政府對那件事進行了一次公開調查，以避免遭受批評。
37. formidable (a.)可怕的；令人敬畏的；難對付的
a formidable obstacle/task 令人生畏的障礙／任務
a formidable adversary/enemy/opponent 難對付的敵手／勁敵／強大的對手
a formidable intellect 令人敬畏的知識分子
the director and his formidable wife 導演和他那令人生畏的妻子
38. forswear (v.) 決心放棄，發誓戒除 (forswear-forswore-forsworn)
to forswear alcohol 發誓戒酒
39. founder (n.) 創立者；創建者；創辦者 (v.) (1) （尤指船）沈沒 (2) 失敗；破產
She is the founder
and managing director of the company. 她是公司的創辦者兼總經理。
The ferry foundered
in a heavy storm, taking many of the passengers and crew with it.
這艘渡船在一次強風暴中沈沒，很多乘客和船員遇難。
Teaching
computers to read and write has always foundered on the unpredictable
human element in language.
教電腦讀寫的嘗試總是因為語言中不可預測的人為因素而宣告失敗。
40. fracas (n.) 高聲爭吵；激烈打鬥
He was injured in a Saturday-night fracas
outside a disco.
他星期六晚上在一家迪斯可舞廳外的一次鬥毆中受了傷。
The Prime Minister has joined the fracas over
the proposed changes to the health service.
首相也加入到有關擬議中的醫療衛生服務改革的激烈爭論中來了。
41. fractious (a.) 易煩躁的；易怒的；暴躁的
a fractious child 暴躁的孩子
42. fresco (n.) 濕壁畫（技法）
Michelangelo's famous frescoes are in the
Sistine Chapel in Rome.
米開朗基羅創作的著名濕壁畫在羅馬的西斯廷教堂。
43. frieze (n.) （室內或屋頂下方牆壁的）簷壁飾帶
44. forward (a.)魯莽的，冒失的
Do you think it was forward of me to invite
her to dinner when we'd only just met?
你覺得剛見面我就邀請她吃飯是不是有些魯莽？
45. frugal (a.) 節儉的；樸素的；（食物）簡單的，廉價的
a frugal lifestyle節儉的生活方式
a frugal meal of bread and soup只有麵包和湯的便宜飯食
We had very little money left, so we ate frugally in cheap cafés and
bars.
我們剩的錢不多，所以只能簡單地在廉價咖啡館和小吃店裡吃點東西。
46. fulminate (v.) 嚴厲批評；譴責
I had to listen to Michael fulminating against
the government. 我不得不聽著麥克譴責政府。
47. fulsome (a.) 過分恭維的；諂媚的；言過其實的
Her new book has received fulsome praise
from the critics.
評論界對她的新書稱讚得言過其實。
Our guests were fulsome in their
compliments about the food.
我們的客人對飯菜極盡溢美之詞。
He thanked her fulsomely for her help. 他對她的幫助大謝特謝。
48. fusion (n.) 融合；結合；熔合；合併
nuclear fusion核聚變
Their music is described as 'an explosive
fusion of Latin American and modern jazz rhythms'.
他們的音樂被描述爲「拉丁美洲和現代爵士節奏的爆炸性融合」。
49. futile (a.) （行動）無作用的；無效的；不成功的
Attempts to get supplies to the region are futile
because troops will not allow the aid convoy to enter the city. 往該地區運送物資的努力失敗了，因爲軍方不允許救援物資護送隊進城。
It's quite futile trying to reason with him
- he just won't listen.
跟他講道理一點用都沒有——他就是不聽。
All my attempts to cheer her up proved futile. 我想讓她快活起來，但所有的努力都白費了。
"What's his latest book about?" "Oh,
the usual - the transience of love and the futility of life."
「他的新書寫的是甚麽?」「噢，老一套—愛情的短暫和生活的徒勞。」
50. florid (a.) (1) 過分裝飾的；花哨的 (2) （臉）潮紅的，通紅的
a florid architectural style華麗的建築風格
florid prose/rhetoric詞藻華麗的散文／修辭
a florid complexion 潮紅的臉色
51. gainsay (v.) 否認；反駁；反對
Certainly there's no gainsaying (= It is
not possible to doubt) the technical brilliance of his performance.
無可否認，他的演奏技巧非常精湛。
52. gambol (v.) （歡快地）跳躍，嬉戲
Lambs were gamboling (about/around) in the
spring sunshine. 羔羊在春天的陽光中歡快地（到處）跳躍。
53. garrulous (a.) （尤指對雞毛蒜皮的事情）喋喋不休的，絮叨的，饒舌的
54. gauche (a.) （尤指因年輕且經驗不足而）笨拙的，不善社交的，不老練的
She had grown from a gauche teenager to a
self-assured young woman.
她從一個笨嘴拙舌的小姑娘變成一位自信的年輕女性。
55. genial (a.) 友好的；愉快的；和藹的
The head teacher is very genial/has a
genial manner.這位校長非常友好／態度和藹。
His geniality, reliability and ability made
him a popular figure.
他和藹、可信賴、有才能，這使得他非常受人歡迎。
56. gerrymandering (n.) （為使某政黨或人在選舉中獲得優勢而）不公正劃分選區
The boundary changes were denounced as blatant
gerrymandering.
變更分界線的做法被抨擊為赤裸裸的不公正劃分選區行為。
57. glib (a.) 花言巧語的，油嘴滑舌的；（說話）不誠懇的，未經思考的
He's a glib, self-centered man. 他是個油嘴滑舌、自私自利的人。
No one was convinced by his glib
answers/explanations. 沒有人相信他那信口開河的回答／解釋。
He spoke glibly about an economic recovery
just around the corner.
他信口開河，大講甚麼經濟很快就會復甦。
58. goad (v.) (n.)（不停地）招惹，激怒；刺激；驅使
Will the pressure applied by environmentalists be
enough to goad the industrialized nations into using less fossil
fuels?
環保主義者們施加的壓力能使工業化國家減少礦物燃料的消耗量麼？
He refused to be goaded by their insults. 他對他們的侮辱不屑一顧。
The team were goaded on by their desire to
be first to complete the course.
這個隊想要第一個完成航行，這激勵著他們不停地努力。
A group of children were goading (=
laughing at or pushing) another child in the school playground.
一群小朋友正在學校操場上嘲弄推撞另外一個孩子。
The thought of exams next week is a great goad
to the students to work hard.
想到下周就要考試，學生們便起勁地學習起來。
59. gossamer (a.) 精巧輕盈的；輕薄精緻的
gossamer wings 輕盈的翅膀
a gossamer veil 輕薄精緻的面紗
60. gouge (v.) 鑿
He drove into some railings and gouged a hole
in the back of his car.
他開車撞到欄杆上，把車的後部撞了個大洞。
gouge
sth out摳出，挖出
In Shakespeare's play, 'King Lear', the Earl of
Gloucester's eyes are gouged out.
莎士比亞的《李爾王》一劇中，格洛斯特伯爵的眼睛被挖了出來。
61. grandiloquent (a.)（尤指為了使某人或者某物顯得重要而）賣弄詞藻的，言辭浮誇的，過分華麗的
Her speech was full of grandiloquent language,
but it contained no new ideas.
她的演講雖然充滿了華麗的詞藻，但卻沒有甚麼新意。
62. gregarious (a.) （人）愛交際的，不喜獨處的；（尤指動物）群居的
Emma's a gregarious, outgoing sort of
person. 艾瑪是個喜歡交際、性情爽直的人。
63. grouse (v.) 抱怨；發牢騷
She's always grousing about how she's been
treated by the management.
她老是抱怨管理層待她如何不公。
64. guileless (a.) 誠實無欺的；老實的
She regarded him with wide, guileless blue
eyes. 她瞪著一雙純真無邪的藍色大眼睛看著他。
65. guise (n.) （尤指為了欺騙而裝出的）外表，表現形式；偽裝
The men who arrived in the guise of drug
dealers were actually undercover police officers.
以毒販身份到來的人實際上是臥底員警。
The company has been accused of trying to sell
their products under the guise of market research.
這家公司被指控試圖打著市場調研的旗號銷售其產品。
66. gullible (a.) 容易上當的，易受欺騙的；輕信的
There are any number of miracle cures on the
market for people gullible enough to buy them.
市場上有好多種所謂的奇效藥，專門誘騙那些輕信的人掏腰包。
67. gustatory (a.) 味覺的；品嚐的
gustatory pleasures 味覺享受
68. halcyon (a.) 幸福美好的
halcyon days（昔日）美好的時光
She recalled the halcyon days of her youth.
她回想起年輕時的美好時光。
69. hallowed(a.) (1)（因地位重要或年長而）受尊崇的，奉爲神聖的 (2) 神聖的
hallowed icons such as Marilyn Monroe and James Dean
諸如瑪麗蓮‧夢露和詹姆斯‧迪恩等倍受尊崇的偶像
Can atheists be buried in hallowed ground? 無神論者能葬在聖地裡嗎?
70. harangue (v.) (n.)長篇大論地演說；斥責
A drunk in the station was haranguing
passers-by. 一名醉漢在車站大聲訓斥路人。
The team were given the usual half-time harangue
by their manager.
中場休息時，球隊照例接受了主教練的一番訓斥。
71. harrowing (a.) 折磨人的，令人痛苦的
a harrowing story 令人悲傷的故事
For many women, the harrowing prospect of giving
evidence in a rape case can be too much to bear.
對很多女性來說，一想到要提供遭受強姦的證據就讓人難以忍受。
72. herbivore (n.) 食草動物，草食動物
Cows and sheep are herbivores. 牛和羊是食草動物。
herbivorous (a.) 草食動物的
73. hermetic (a.) (1)（容器）密封的，不透氣的 (2) （人群）與世隔絕的，不與外界往來的
a hermetic seal 密封墊
He entered the hermetic world of the
monastery at a young age.
他很年輕時就進了與世隔絕的修道院。
hermit (n.) 隱士；（尤指）隱居修道者
74. heterodox (a.) （信仰、想法或活動）非正統的，異端的
His opinions have always been distinctly heterodox.
他的觀點總是帶有明顯的異端色彩。
orthodox (a.)（信仰、觀點或活動）正統的，傳統的；普遍接受的
orthodox treatment/methods 傳統的療法／方法
orthodox views/opinions 正統的觀點／看法
We would prefer a more orthodox
approach/solution to the problem.
我們願意用一種更為正統的方法處理／解決該問題。
75. hieroglyphics (n.) 象形文字（尤指古埃及的文字）
76. hirsute (a.) （尤指臉或軀體）多毛的
77. histrionic (a.) 做作的，裝腔作勢的
a histrionic outburst 裝腔作勢的情感爆發
She put on a histrionic display of grief at
her ex-husband's funeral.
她在前夫的葬禮上裝出一副悲傷的樣子。
78. homeostasis (n.) 內環境穩定，體內動態平衡（生物、活細胞、組織等，在其外部環境變化的情況下，保持內部不變或平衡狀態的能力或趨向）；內部平衡狀態
Warm-blooded animals are able to achieve temperature
homeostasis. 溫血動物能夠平衡體溫。
79. homily (n.) 說教，佈道
He launched into a homily on family
relationships. 他開始就家庭關係進行說教。
80. homogeneous (a.) 由同類事物（或人）組成的；同類的；相似的
a homogeneous group/society 由同種族人組成的群體／社會
The population of the village has remained
remarkably homogeneous.
這個村莊的人口保持著顯著的同族特徵。
cultural/racial homogeneity文化同質／種族同種
81. hyperbole (n.) 誇張法
The blurb on the back of the book was full of the
usual hyperbole - 'enthralling', 'fascinating' and so on.
這本書的封底廣告宣傳全部都是一些司空見慣的誇張詞語：「引人入勝」、「令人著迷」等等。
hyperbolic rhetoric誇張修辭法
82. iconoclastic (a.) 反傳統信仰的；反傳統的
His plays were fairly iconoclastic in their
day. 他的戲劇在當時具有相當的反傳統意味。
iconoclastic views 反傳統的觀點
83. idolatry (n.) 偶像崇拜；盲目崇拜；過度崇信
The youngster makes no attempt to conceal his idolatry
of his team-mate.
Newton was revered to the point of idolatry.
Father Brown considers the notes and flowers left
near the statue to be close to idolatry.
84. igneous (a.)（岩石）火成的
85. imbroglio (n.) 錯綜複雜的局面，困局
The Soviet Union became anxious to withdraw its
soldiers from the Afghan imbroglio.
蘇聯變得急於想把其軍隊從阿富汗困局中撤出來。
86. immutable (a.) 永恆的；不可改變的
an immutable law永恆的法則
Some people regard grammar as an immutable
set of rules.有些人認為文法是一套不可更改的規則。
87. impair (v.) 損害；削弱
A recurring knee injury may have impaired his
chances of winning the tournament.
復發的膝傷可能降低了他在錦標賽中獲勝的機會。
She suffers from impaired vision/hearing. 她視力／聽力受損。
physical/mental impairment 身體／智力損傷
88. impassive (a.) 神情冷漠的；木然的
The
defendant sat impassively in
the dock while evidence was given against him.
在不利證據被呈上時，被告面無表情地坐在被告席上。
89. impecunious (a.) 沒錢的，貧窮的
I first knew him as an impecunious student
living in a tiny bedsit.
我剛認識他時，他還是個窮學生，住在一個睡房兼起居室的狹小單間裡。
90. impede (v.) 妨礙，阻礙；阻止
Although he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded
his career in any way.
儘管他很害羞，但這顯然一點也沒有妨礙他的事業。
91. impermeable (a.) 不可滲透的；不透氣的
an impermeable membrane 防滲薄膜
92. imperturbable (a.) 沉著的，冷靜的
93. impervious (a.) (1)不能滲透的 (2) 不受影響的
How does glue bond with impervious substances
like glass and metal?
膠水黏玻璃和金屬之類不透水物質的效果如何？
He is impervious to criticism and rational
argument. 他對批評和說理都無動於衷。
94. impinge on/upon sb/sth 影響；妨礙
The government's spending limits will seriously
impinge on the education budget.
政府限制開支會嚴重影響教育預算。
95. implacable (a.) 不饒人的；堅定的；無法改變的
an implacable enemy 死敵
implacable hostility 無法化解的敵意
96. implausible (a.) 難以置信的；不可能的
The whole plot of the film is ridiculously implausible.
影片的整個情節荒謬得令人難以置信。
97. implicit (a.) (1) 不明言的，含蓄的 (2) 無疑問的；無保留的
He interpreted her comments as an implicit
criticism of the government.
他將她的評論理解為對政府的含蓄批評。
Implicit in the poem's closing lines are the poet's own
religious doubts.
在這首詩最後幾行中隱含著詩人自己的宗教疑慮。
implicit trust 絕對的信任
All her life she had implicit faith in
socialism. 她一生都對社會主義堅信不疑。
He trusts her implicitly.
他完完全全信任她。
98. implode (v.) (1) 向內坍塌；內爆 (2) 崩潰；垮塌
The vacuum inside the tube caused it to implode
when the external air pressure was increased.
隨著外部氣壓的增加，管內真空使管中發生內爆。
Their economy is in danger of imploding. 他們的經濟有崩潰的危險。
99. imprecation (n.) 咒語；罵人話
The old woman walked along the street muttering imprecations.
老婦沿街走著，嘴裡咕噥著罵人的話。
100. impute
sth to sb (1) 把…歸咎於（某人）；把…歸於（某人） (2) 認為…具有
They imputed the error to the lawyer
who was handling her case.
他們把錯誤歸咎於負責處理她案子的那位律師。
He arrogantly imputed stupidity to anyone
who disagreed with him.
他傲慢地認為那些與他意見相左的人都是愚蠢的。
imputations of dishonesty 對不誠實的種種指責
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