1. deride (v.) 嘲笑，譏笑
He derided my singing as pathetic. 他嘲笑說我的歌聲不堪入耳。
This building, once derided by critics, is
now a major tourist attraction.
這座曾被評論家嘲笑的建築如今已成為一個主要的旅遊景點。
2. derivative (a.) 缺乏獨創性的；模仿的 (n.) 衍生物，派生物；派生詞
His painting/style is terribly derivative. 他的油畫／風格有很重的模仿痕跡。
'Detestable' is a derivative of 'detest'. 生字 detestable 是從 detest 派生而來的。
3. desiccated (a.) (1)乾的；乾燥的；脫水的 (2) 乾巴巴的；無趣的；毫無新意的
100g of desiccated (= dried and broken into
small pieces) coconut 100克椰子乾
All the party seems to have to offer is the same desiccated
old ideas. 這個政黨只會提些陳腔濫調。
4. desuetude (n.) 廢止；不用
fall
into desuetude【文】已不用; 廢止
customs , fashions , words that have fallen
into desuetude 已經廢棄的風俗、式樣、詞語
5. desultory (a.) 漫無目的的，隨意的；無計劃的
She made a desultory attempt at
conversation. 她只是隨意聊聊而已。
He wandered around, clearing up in a desultory
way. 他四處走走，心不在焉地收拾。
6. deterrent (n.) 威懾，障礙，遏制 (a.) 威懾的
a nuclear deterrent 核威懾
Tougher prison sentences may act/serve as (=
be) a deterrent to other would-be offenders.
從嚴判決可以起到震懾其他潛在犯罪者的作用。
a deterrent effect 威懾作用
7. detraction (n.) 誹謗；責難；貶抑
8. diaphanous (a.) （尤指布料）又透又薄的，薄如蟬翼的
a diaphanous silk veil 透明絲綢面紗
9. diatribe (n.) 怒斥，抨擊；檄文
He launched into a long diatribe against
the government's policies.
他開始長篇大論地抨擊政府的政策。
10. dichotomy (n.) 分裂,二分法
There is
often a dichotomy between what politicians say and what they do.
政治家的言行之間常有天壤之別。
11. diffident (a.) 羞怯的，怯生生的
a diffident manner羞怯的舉止
You shouldn't be so diffident about your
achievements - you've done really well!
你不該對自己的成績這麼不自信——你做得的確很好！
12. diffuse (v.) (1) （使）擴散，（使）傳播，（使）散佈 (2) （使氣體或液體）彌漫，擴散，滲透
(a.) 擴散的，彌漫的，分散的 (2) 含混的，費解的，晦澀的
Television is a powerful means of diffusing
knowledge. 電視是傳播知識的有力工具。
Oxygen diffuses from the lungs into
the bloodstream. 氧氣從肺部滲透到血液之中。
The drop of red dye diffused slowly in the
water. 那滴紅色染料在水中慢慢擴散開來。
a diffuse light漫射光
The company has become large and diffuse. 公司規模大了，業務範圍也更廣了。
a diffuse literary style 晦澀的文風
13. digress (v.) 離題，跑題
But I digress. To get back to what I was
saying, this poem reflects the poet's love of nature and his religious beliefs.
我離題了。回到我剛才說過的話上來，這首詩反映了詩人對大自然的熱愛和自己的宗教信仰。
The lecturer temporarily digressed from her
subject to deal with a related theory.
講師暫時將她的主題放在一邊，開始講起了另一相關理論。
Talking about money now would be a digression
from the main purpose of this meeting.
現在談錢將偏離這次會議的主題。
14. dirge (n.) 哀樂；輓歌
15. disabuse (v.) 使改變想法；使消除誤解
He thought that all women liked children, but she
soon disabused him of that (idea/notion).
他以為女人都喜歡孩子，但她很快就讓他改變了這種看法。
16. discerning (a.) 有眼力的，好眼力的，有眼光的
a discerning customer 有眼光的顧客
discern (v.) 看出；辨別出；明白
I could just discern a figure in the
darkness. 在黑暗中我只能看出一個人影。
It is difficult to discern any pattern in
these figures. 在這些數字中很難找出規律。
17. discomfit (v.) （尤指在精神上）使感到不舒服，使不安
She turned away to hide her discomfiture. 她轉過身去以掩飾內心的不安。
18. discordant (a.)（聲音）刺耳的；不和諧的
strike a discordant note 顯出不一致的樣子；發出不和諧的聲音
The
contemporary dialogue for me struck a slightly discordant note.
在我看來當時的對話（與形勢）有些格格不入。
19. discredit (v.) 使名譽受損；使受到懷疑 (n.) 喪失名譽、信譽
Evidence of links with drug dealers has discredited
the President.
總統與販毒分子有染的證據使他名譽掃地。
discredited theories 受到懷疑的理論
The stupid behavior of one pupil has brought
discredit on the whole school.
一名學生的愚蠢行為讓整個學校蒙羞。
To her discredit, she never admitted her role in the scandal.
她一直不承認自己參與了這樁醜聞，這使她在人們心中的形象大打折扣。
20. discrepancy (n.) 不一致，出入，差異
There is some discrepancy between the two
accounts. 這兩份帳單之間有一些出入。
The committee is reportedly unhappy about the discrepancy
in numbers.
據說委員會對數字不一致很不滿。
discrepant (a.) 不一致的，有分歧的
discrepant figures不一致的數據
discrepant opinions/views 有分歧的意見／看法
21. discrete (a.) 獨立的，各自的，單獨的
These small companies now have their own discrete
identity.
這些小公司現在都各有各的特點。
22. discretion (n.) (1) 慎重，謹慎；守口如瓶 (2) 決定權
"Can you trust him with this?"
"Yes, he's the soul of discretion (= he will not tell other
people)."
「在這件事上你能相信他嗎?」「當然，他可是個守口如瓶的人。」
Students can
be expelled at the discretion of the head teacher (= if the head teacher
decides it).
校長有權開除學生。
I leave
the decision to your discretion (= to your good judgment). 我讓你來決定這件事。
Discretion is the better part of valor. 勇敢者貴在審慎。
23. disingenuous (a.) （人或其行爲）不夠誠實的，不夠坦白的
It was disingenuous of her to claim she had
no financial interest in the case.
她聲稱自己在這個案子中沒有任何經濟利益，這有些心口不一。
ingenuous (a.) 天真的；胸無城府的
It has to be said it was rather ingenuous
of him to ask a complete stranger to look after his luggage.
他讓一個完全陌生的人幫自己看管行李，這未免也太天真了。
24. disinterested (a.) 客觀的；公正的；無私的
a disinterested observer/judgment 公正的觀察員／判斷
a piece of disinterested advice 一條客觀的建議
25. disjointed(a.) （尤指詞語或想法）不連貫的，沒有條理的，雜亂無章的
The script was disjointed and hard to
follow. 這個劇本寫得沒有條理，很難讀下去。
26. dismiss (v.) (1) 對…不予理會，摒棄，（從頭腦中）去除 (2) （尤指因做錯事）使免職，將…解職，解僱 (3) 遣散；解散 (4) （常指法官因證據不足而）駁回，不受理
I think he'd dismissed me as an
idiot within five minutes of meeting me.
我認爲他和我見面五分鐘後就把我歸入了傻瓜之列。
Let's not just dismiss the idea before
we've even thought about it.
我們還是別不假思索就把這種想法排除在外。
Just dismiss those thoughts from
your mind - they're crazy and not worth thinking about.
別去管那些想法了——那些想法太離譜，不值得考慮。
He has been dismissed from his job for
incompetence. 他因無法勝任工作而被解職。
The teacher dismissed the class early
because she had a meeting.
老師因要去開會而提前下課。
The defending lawyer asked that the charge against
his client be dismissed.
辯護律師請求駁回對其委託人的指控。
27. disparage (v.) 貶斥，貶低
The actor's work for charity has recently been disparaged
in the press as an attempt to get publicity.
該演員爲慈善事業所做的工作近來被報紙說成是想出名。
28. disparate (a.) 截然不同的，完全不同的，迥然不同的
The two cultures were so utterly disparate
that she found it hard to adapt from one to the other.
這兩種文化截然不同，她發現很難由一種文化轉而去適應另一種文化。
29. dissemble (v.) 掩蓋，掩飾（動機、感情、真相）
He accused the government of dissembling. 他指責政府掩飾真相。
30. disseminate (v.) 散佈，傳播，宣傳
One of the organization's aims is to disseminate
information about the disease.
該組織的宗旨之一就是宣傳關於這種疾病的知識。
the dissemination
of information 信息的傳播
31. dissident (n.) 批評政府者 (a.) 批評政府的
political dissidents持不同政見者
a dissident group/writer 批評政府的團體／作家
32. dissolution (n.) （官方組織的）解散；（法律合約的）解除
the dissolution of parliament 議會的解散
33. dissonance (n.) (1)不和諧音 (2) 分歧，異議
the jarring dissonance of Klein's musical
score 克萊茵樂譜中刺耳的不和諧音
34. distend (v.) （通常指腹部或身體其他部位）鼓起，隆起，凸起
In the refugee centers we saw many children whose
stomachs were distended because of lack of food.
在難民中心，我們看到許多孩子由於缺少食物腹部都鼓了起來。
35. distil (v.) 蒸餾
Some strong alcoholic drinks such as whisky are
made by distilling. 威士卡等烈酒是用蒸餾法製成的。
36. distrait (v.) 【法】心神不定的﹐精神無法集中的
37. diverge (v.) （道路）分叉；出現差異；發生分歧
They walked along the road together until they
reached the village, but then their paths diverged.
他們一直沿著那條路走到那個村子，然後才分道揚鑣。
Although the two organizations have worked
together for many years, their objectives have diverged recently.
雖然這兩個組織在一起合作了很多年，但它們的目標近來出現了分歧。
They hold widely divergent opinions on controversial issues like
abortion.
他們對墮胎等有爭議的問題的看法相去甚遠。
38. divest (v.) 賣掉，出售（企業或其中一部分）
The company is divesting its less
profitable business operations.該公司打算出售其盈利較差的業務。
She has divested herself of (= sold) some
of her share-holdings. 她已經賣掉了自己的一些股份。
divest
sb of sth 取消（某人）的…；處理掉；丟棄
There is a growing movement to divest the
monarchy of its remaining constitutional power.
要求取消王室現有憲法權力的運動愈演愈烈。
She divested herself of her cumbersome attire.
她脫下笨重的服裝。
39. divulge (v.) 洩露，透露（秘密）
Journalists do not divulge their sources. 記者們不會透露消息的來源。
[+ question word] The managing director refused to
divulge how much she earned.
總經理拒絕透露她的收入。
40. doctrinaire (a.) 教條主義的；脫離實際的
These principles are doctrinaire. 這些原則脫離了實際。
41. document (n.) （尤指正式的）文件，公文 (v.) 記錄，記載
official/confidential/legal documents正式／機密／法律檔
They are charged with using forged documents.
他們被控使用僞造的檔。
His interest in cricket has been well-documented
(= recorded and written about) by the media.
他對板球的興趣在媒體的報道中都有詳細的記載。
42. doggerel (n.) 蹩腳詩；打油詩
43. dogmatic (a.) 固執己見的；自以爲是的；教條的
44. dormant (a.) 蟄伏的，沉睡的，休眠的
The long-dormant volcano has recently shown
signs of erupting.
休眠了很久的火山最近出現了要噴發的跡象。
These investments have remained dormant for
several years. 這些投資好幾年都沒有甚麽動靜。
lie
dormant 潛伏，潛藏
Her talent might have lain dormant had it
not been for her aunt's encouragement.
如果不是姑姑鼓勵她，她的才能可能現在還不會被挖掘出來。
45. dross (n.) 廢物，無用之物
So much of what's on TV is pure dross. 電視上演的多是垃圾。
We read all the manuscripts but 95% are dross.
我們把所有的手稿都讀了一遍，但其中的95%都一無是處。
46. dupe (v.) 誘騙，欺騙
The girls were duped by drug smugglers into
carrying heroin for them.
這些女孩受毒品走私販欺騙為他們運送海洛因。
47. ebullient (a.) 精力充沛的；熱情洋溢的；興高采烈的
He wasn't his usual ebullient self. 一向熱情洋溢的他一反常態，好像換了個人似的。
48. eclectic (a.) 不拘一格的；相容並蓄的；博採眾長的
an eclectic style/approach 相容並蓄的風格 ／ 博採眾長的方法
an eclectic taste in literature對文學廣泛的興趣
49. effervescent (a.) (1) 冒泡的；起沫的；泡騰的 (2) 充滿活力的；活潑的；興高采烈的
effervescent vitamin C tablets 維生素C泡騰片
She's one of those effervescent personalities
that you often see presenting TV game shows.
她是位電視名人，是你常看到的那種很會活躍氣氛的電視遊戲節目主持人。
50. effete (a.) (1)弱不禁風的；了無生氣的；軟弱無能的 (2) 沒有男子漢氣概的；女人氣的
With nothing to do all day the aristocracy had
grown effete and lazy.
貴族們終日無所事事，變得四體不勤，懶散乏力。
51. efficacy (n.) 功效，效力，效能
They recently ran a series of tests to measure the
efficacy of the drug.
他們最近進行了一系列的試驗來檢測這種藥的功效。
52. effrontery (n.) 厚顔無恥；放肆
He was silent all through the meal and then had
the effrontery to complain that I looked bored!
在飯桌上他自始至終一言不發，到頭來卻有臉抱怨我一副百無聊賴的樣子。
53. egoism (n.) 自我主義；自大；自負
54. egotist (n.) 自我主義者；自高自大者
Politicians are notorious egotists. 政客們是一幫惡名昭彰的自我主義者。
egotistic
(=egotistical) (a.) 自我主義的
55. elegy (n.) （尤指懷念故人或往事的）輓歌，輓詩
Gray's 'Elegy in a Country Churchyard' is a
famous English poem.
格雷的《墓園輓歌》是一首著名的英國詩。
56. elicit (v.) 引出，探出，誘出（尤指資訊或反應）
Have you managed to elicit a response from
them yet? 你設法得到他們的回覆了嗎？
The questionnaire was intended to elicit information
on eating habits.
該調查問卷旨在收集人們飲食習慣方面的資訊。
They were able to elicit the support of the
public. 他們獲得了大眾的支持。
57. elixir (n.) （通常爲液體的）萬靈藥，靈丹妙藥，長生不老藥
It's yet another health product claiming to be the
elixir of life/youth (= something to make you live longer/stay young). 這又是一種號稱靈丹妙藥的保健産品，據說有延年益壽／永保青春之奇效。
58. Elysium (= the Elysian fields) (n.) 極樂世界；天堂
Everything was perfect. She was in Elysium.
對她來說一切都那麼完美，就好像在天堂一樣。
59. emaciated (a.) （通常由於疾病或極度饑餓）消瘦的，憔悴的，虛弱的：
There were pictures of emaciated children
on the cover of the magazine.
雜誌封面上是幾幅骨瘦如柴的兒童的照片。
60. embellish (v.) 裝飾，修飾；給…錦上添花，渲染
The ceiling was embellished with flowers
and leaves. 天花板上裝飾著花和葉。
He couldn't resist embellishing the story
of his accident a little.
在描述他出的那次意外時，他忍不住添油加醋地渲染了一番。
61. emollient (a.) (1) 潤膚的，護膚的 (2) 使緩和的；使平靜的
an emollient cream 護膚霜
an emollient mood/tone息事寧人的心態／安慰的語氣
62. empirical (a.) 以經驗（或實驗）爲依據的；經驗主義的；來自經驗（或觀察）的
This theory needs to be backed up with solid
empirical data/evidence.
這個理論需要翔實的實驗資料／實際經驗來支援。
Empirical studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are
extremely effective.
臨床研究顯示某些替代療法極其有效。
63. emulate (v.) 效仿，模仿；和…競爭，努力趕上
They hope to emulate the success of other
software companies.
他們希望能夠效仿其他軟體公司的成功先例。
Fitzgerald is keen to emulate Martin's
record of three successive world titles.
費茲傑羅渴望能像馬丁那樣創下連奪三次世界冠軍的紀錄。
64. encomium (n.) 讚頌；頌詞
65. endemic (a.) （尤指疾病或情況）地方性的；（在某地或某些人中）特有的，流行的
Malaria is endemic in many of the hotter
regions of the world.
瘧疾流行於世界上許多氣候較炎熱的地區。
The disease is endemic among British sheep/to
many British flocks.
這種疾病在英國羊隻中／很多英國羊群中流行。
There is endemic racism/poverty/violence in
many of the country's cities.
該國很多城市中，種族主義猖獗／貧困現象普遍／暴力肆虐。
66. enervating (a.) 使衰弱的；使無力的；使喪失活力的
I find this heat very enervating. 這種酷熱讓我無精打采。
67. engender (v.) 引起（某種感覺）；導致；産生
Her latest book has engendered a lot of
controversy. 她的新作引起了很大爭議。
The minister's speech did not engender
confidence in his judgment.
部長的演講並未使人們對他的判斷産生信心。
68. enhance (v.) 提高；增加；增強；增進
These scandals will not enhance the
organization's reputation.這些醜聞並不會提高這個組織的聲譽。
Several athletes tested positive for illegal performance-enhancing
drugs.
數名運動員被檢測出使用違禁藥物以提高比賽成績。
69. entomology (n.) 昆蟲學
70. enunciate (v.) (1) 清楚地念（字）；清晰地發（音）(2) 宣佈，發表；闡明，表明
He doesn't enunciate (his words) very
clearly. 他（說話）發音不是太清晰。
In the speech, the leader enunciated his
party's proposals for tax reform.
在演講中，這位領導人闡明瞭該政黨的稅收改革計劃。
71. ephemeral (a.) 短暫的，極短的；轉瞬即逝的
Fame in the world of rock and pop is largely ephemeral.
在搖滾和流行音樂界，名聲大多轉瞬即逝。
72. epistemology (n.) 認識論
73. equable (a.) 穩定的，變化小的；平和的；性情溫和的
Graham has a fairly equable temperament - I
haven't often seen him really angry.
格雷厄姆性情很平和——我不怎麽見他真正動肝火。
The south of the country enjoys an equable
climate. 這個國家的南部地區氣候溫和。
As a manager she deals with problems reasonably
and equably, never losing her temper.
作爲一名經理，她處理問題時通情達理、心平氣和，從來不發脾氣。
74. equanimity (n.) （尤指處於震驚、失望或困境時的）鎮靜，沈著，冷靜
He received the news of his mother's death with
remarkable equanimity.
他接到母親去世的噩耗時表現得異常鎮靜。
Three years after the tragedy she has only just
begun to regain her equanimity.
悲劇已經過去三年了，她才剛剛開始恢復心情的平靜。
75. equivocate (v.) （尤指爲隱瞞真相而）說模稜兩可的話，含糊其詞
She accused the minister of equivocating,
claiming that he had deliberately avoided telling the public how bad the
problem really was. 她指責部長含糊其詞，稱他故意不讓大眾知道問題真正嚴重到了甚麽地步。
He answered openly and honestly without
hesitation or equivocation.
他坦誠地作了回答，沒有遲疑不決或含糊其詞。
76. errant (a.) （尤指離家出走而）犯錯的，行爲不當的，出格的
an errant husband 出軌的丈夫
errant children 犯錯誤的孩子
77. erudite (a.) 博學的；有學問的；博大精深的
He's the author of an erudite book on
Scottish history.
他寫過一本博大精深的有關蘇格蘭歷史的著作。
a work of great erudition 體大思精的著作
78. esoteric (a.) 極不尋常的；只有少數人（尤指內行）才懂的；限於小圈子的：
He has an esoteric collection of old toys
and games.
他收藏了一批極罕見的老玩具和遊戲。
[disapproving or humorous] She has a rather esoteric
taste in clothes. 她的衣著品味極不尋常。
79. essay (v.) 企圖；嘗試
The procedure was first essayed in 1923. 1923年有人首次嘗試這種做法。
80. estimable (a.) 值得敬重的，值得敬佩的；值得稱道的
He writes estimable poetry under a
pseudonym. 他用筆名創作的詩歌作品可圈可點。
Her performance under such stressful conditions
was estimable.
面臨如此大的壓力，她的表現令人稱道。
81. ethnocentric (a.) 有種族（或民族）優越感的
82. etiology (n.) 病源學；病因學
83. etymology (n.) 詞源學；闡述詞源，詞源說明
At university she developed an interest in etymology.
上大學時她對詞源學産生了興趣。
A list of selected words and their etymologies
is printed at the back of the book.
書末一張表上選列了一些單詞及其詞源說明。
84. eugenics (n.) 優生學；人種改良學 (=the study of methods of improving humans by
allowing only carefully chosen people to reproduce)
Eugenics was the central, and most controversial, part of
his social philosophy.
優生學是他社會哲學體系的中心問題，也是最具爭議性的問題。
85. eulogy (n.) 悼詞，悼文；（爲剛剛退休的人所作的）頌詞，頌文 (=a speech, piece of writing, poem, etc.
containing great praise, especially for someone who recently died or stopped
working)
He was the most self-effacing of men - the last
thing he would have relished was a eulogy.
他爲人極其謙遜，最不喜聽頌辭。
The song was a eulogy to the joys of
travelling. 這是一首讚頌旅行樂趣的歌曲。
86. euphemism (n.) 委婉語，委婉說法
'Senior citizen' is a euphemism for 'old
person'. 「年長公民」是「老年人」的委婉說法
The article made so much use of euphemism
that often its meaning was unclear.
這篇文章用了太多的委婉語，以至於意思常常不甚明瞭。
87. euphoria (n.) 狂喜；亢奮；異常興奮
They were in a state of euphoria for days
after they won the prize.
獲獎之後一連幾天他們都處於亢奮狀態。
88. euthanasia (n.) 安樂死
Although some people campaign for the right to euthanasia,
it is still illegal in most countries.
儘管有些人發起運動爭取安樂死的權利，但在大多數國家中實施安樂死仍是違法行爲。
89. evince (v.) 表露，表明；顯示
They have never evinced any readiness or
ability to negotiate.
他們從未表露出任何談判的意願和能力。
In all the years I knew her, she never evinced
any desire to do such a thing.
我認識她這麼多年，她從未要求過要做這種事。
90. evocative (a.) 引起（愉快）回憶的；產生（美好）聯想的；喚起（美好）感情的
evocative music 使人激發聯想的音樂
a sound evocative of the sea 使人聯想到大海的聲音
91. exacerbate (v.) 使惡化；使加重；使加劇
This attack will exacerbate the already
tense relations between the two communities.
這次襲擊將令兩個原本已經處於緊張狀態的團體關係更加惡化。
92. exact (v.) 勒索；強要；迫切需要 (=to demand and get something, sometimes using
force or threats, or to make something necessary)
to exact revenge on someone 向某人報復
The blackmailers exacted a total of $100 000
from their victims.
勒索人從受害人那裡總共勒索了十萬美元。
Heart surgery exacts tremendous skill and
concentration.
心臟外科手術要求施術者技術高超且精神要高度集中。
93. exculpate (v.) 為（某人）開脫；證明（某人）無罪
The pilot of the aircraft will surely be
exculpated when all the facts are known.
當一切真相大白時，肯定可以證明飛行員是沒有過錯的。
94. execrable (a.) 拙劣的；糟糕的；極壞的
an execrable performance 極拙劣的表演
She's always had execrable taste in men. 她看男人的眼光總是很差。
He was treated execrably. 他受到虐待。
95. exhort (v.) 激勵；規勸；督促
The governor exhorted the prisoners not
to riot. 獄長告誡犯人不要騷亂。
96. exigency (n.) 緊急狀況；危急關頭
the exigencies of war 戰爭的緊要關頭
Economic exigency obliged the government to act. 經濟形勢岌岌可危，政府被迫採取行動。
97. existential (a.) 存在主義的 (=existentialist)
an existential/existentialist argument/philosopher
存在主義觀點／哲學家
98. exorcise (v.) (1)（透過祈禱或魔法）驅除（邪魔），給…驅除邪魔 (2) 消除，除去，忘掉（可怕或煩惱的事情產生的後果）
After the priest exorcized the
spirit/house/child, apparently, the strange noises stopped.
在牧師驅除了邪魔／驅除了屋裡的妖氣／給孩子驅魔後，顯然地，奇怪的噪音就沒有了。
It will take a long time to exorcise the memory
of the accident.
要花很長時間才能消除事故留下的陰影。
99. expatiate (v.) 長篇大論；贅述；詳述
She expatiated on/upon her work for the
duration of the meal.
她一直在飯桌上滔滔不絕地談論她的工作。
100. expatriate (n.) （旅居國外的）僑民 (a.) 僑居國外的 (v.) （強行或依法）把（某人）逐出本國，使移居國外
A large community of expatriates has
settled there. 已經有一大批僑民在那邊定居了。
an expatriate Scot 僑居國外的蘇格蘭人
The new leaders expatriated the ruling
family. 新的領導人把統治家族驅逐出境。
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