由...組成/構成 相關用法

今天(109/3/23) 空英的Language Lab 剛好講到comprise 的用法，但Jack老師講錯了一個字，在此整理 由...組成/構成 相關用法。

1. 由...組成: consist of = be composed of = be comprised of = be made up of = comprise (包含)

(e.g.) 美國是由五十州所組成的。

The U.S.  (大單位)	consists of	50 states.  (小單位)
	is composed of
	is comprised of
	is made up of
	comprises (包含)

2. 構成: make up = compose = constitute = comprise

(e.g.) 五十州構成美國。

Fifty states (小單位)	make up	the U.S. (大單位)
	compose
	constitute
	comprise

所以 comprise 又可以當 "由...組成"，此用法可主動又可被動，但主動不加介係詞of；又可當"構成"，真的是超級複雜啊! 所以我自己寫作文，都儘量不用comprise，我會選擇我非常確定的，像是"由...組成"我會用 consist of, be composed of, be made up of ，而 "構成"我會用 constitute。

Sources:

1. consist of (Longman、Oxford、Cambridge)

2. be composed of/compose (Longman、Oxford (compose) Oxford (composed) 、Cambridge)

3. comprise (Longman、Oxford、Cambridge)

4. make up (Longman、Oxford、Cambridge)

5. constitute (Longman、Oxford、Cambridge)